Annotated Bibliography

Primary Resources

Ali, Noaman. Malcolm-X.org. 2000. 17 Dec. 2008 <http://malcolm-x.org/>.
This is a website that offers great pictures of Malcolm X. Many of these pictures are over a wide period of time and so we can almost create a timeline in terms of pictures. This website also has many speeches and offers a great analysis of Malcolm after the NOI.

Atwal, Sandeep S. The Complete Malcolm X Speeches. 04 Jan. 2009 <http://malcolmxfiles.blogspot.com>.
This website helped us obtain videos that we embedded on our web pages. Specifically they helped us with black nationalism and human rights. These videos are high quality and are also available as a DVD.

Barnes, Jack, and Steve Clark. Malcolm X Talks to Young People : Speeches in the United States, Britain, and Africa. New York, NY: Pathfinder P, 2002. 
This book contains a speech that Malcolm X delivered in his trip to Africa. His journey to Mecca changed his mind set and this speech strengthened our analysis about his so-called "transition” period.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. 347 U.S. 483. U.S. Sup. Ct. 1954.
This Supreme Court case is important because it helps us analyze the civil rights movement. The judge, Earl Warren, provides us with many excellent quotes we can use when talking about the civil rights movement.

Breitman, George. Malcolm X Speaks : Selected Speeches and Statements. New York: Grove P, 1994.
Speeches were written in this book from the last eight months of Malcolm’s life. This was after he left the Nation of Islam (NOI). This made us understand his argument for black human rights and the abolition of racial inequality.

Carson, Clayborne, and Spike Lee. Malcolm X : The FBI File. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
The FBI monitored Malcolm because of his “threat” to national security. They archived the entire FBI surveillance file in this book. It was originally on microfilm, but was later put in a book including an extensive timeline and a short section dealing with Malcolm’s involvement in politics. The FBI file itself contains many letter sent to and from Malcolm X when he was in prison regarding the NOI. The timeline spans Malcolm’s entire life and helps us with key dates and events.

"Emmett Till." THE SAUDA VOICE. 24 Feb. 2009 http://www.thesaudavoice.com/the_sauda_voice/2008/11/emmett-till-bill-passed-into-law.html.
This is a great site that provided visuals that show the corpse of Emmett Till. It is a very useful and moving image of what racial hate can do.

Haley, Alex. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.
Alex Haley sat down with Malcolm X to write this autobiography. It gives an extensive account of his early life as well as the reason behind the leaving of the NOI and the significance of his trip to Mecca. Due to the legality of this book, many of his views expressed can be used to support our thesis.

"MALCOLM X SCORES U.S. AND KENNEDY." The New York Times 2 Dec. 1963: 21.
A New York Times article, found online, giving explicit information about what Malcolm thought about the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. It provided a specific quote used for justification of Malcolm's split from the Nation of Islam.

Myers, Walter Dean. Malcolm X : By Any Means Necessary. New York: Scholastic, Incorporated, 1998.
Speeches concerning the OAAU and an exclusive interview with Malcolm X are told in this book. This book contains an interview conducted before his trip to Mecca and many speeches concerning the OAAU. The interview shows his anti-white policy but the speeches after his trip to Mecca showed a new Malcolm who strove for human rights. This speech and the interview can help us show the change that Malcolm experienced during his trip to Mecca.

Plessy v. Ferguson. 163 U.S. 437. U.S. Sup. Ct. 1896.
This Supreme Court case is important because it helps us convey to the reader how things used to be and what the public opinion used to be about race. This case can also be contrasted with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka and show the change over time.

The Smoking Gun. 29 Dec. 2008 <http://www.thesmokinggun.com/malcolmx/malcolmx.html>.
This is a website that gave us Malcolm’s rap sheet, which is all of the crimes he has committed, and an eyewitness acount of the assasination. These are both pictures that strenghten our website and gives the viewer a chance to see how Malcolm had changed from a prisoner to a human rights activist. Also, we obtained a great quote by Martin Luteher King, Jr., explaining civil disobedience.

Spellman, A. B. "Interview with Malcolm X." Monthly Review and Revolution 21 June 2001. Hartford Web Publishing. 30 Dec. 2008 <shttp://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/388.html>.
Monthly Review and Revolution conducted an interview with Malcolm right after he left the nation. This interview can provide us with valuable quotes and useful information about the organization he formed shortly thereafter named Muslim Mosque, Inc. Not much is know about this organization since it was disbanded after his assassination in 1965, therefore we must rely on Primary resources such as this one.

"What is 'black power'?" Editorial. Saturday Evening Post 13 Aug. 1966: 86.
This editorial that appeared in a newspaper explains black power. The article was originally a PDF document, but we converted it to an image and once zoomed, you can easily read the article.

Whitman, Todd, prod. "The Hate That Hate Produced." Newsbeat. Dir. Don Voigt. CBS. WNTA-TV, New York. 10-17 July 1959.
This is a live television broadcast from 1959 showcasing the emergence of the black Muslims. This can help our website because it contains many speeches and interviews on Malcolm X that we can use to show his views when with the NOI. 

Secondary Resources

"Black Panther Party." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. 24 Feb. 2009 http://www.school.eb.com/eb/article-9015498.
Encyclopædia Brittanica, a very reliable source gave a very useful quote on black panthers that describe their aims. It also saves space for other words. This article did the historical talking in our place.

Boyd, Herb. "Malcolm after Mecca: Pan-Africanism and the OAAU." Cineaste Mar. 1993, 4th ed.: 11.
This is an article that criticizes Spike Lee's film and discusses several events in Africa concerning Malcolm. It recognizes Malcolm's change to pan-Africanism and provides an excellent analysis about his trip to Africa.

Cohen, Lizabeth, David M. Kennedy, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant : A History of the Republic. 12th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin College Division, 2001.
This source provides a textbook approach towards Pan-Africanism and the Civil Rights Movement. Therefore, it is unbiased and ensures the validity of information. It also cites several other resources that are usable.

"Emmett Till." 2008. Soylent Communications. 21 Feb. 2009 .
This is a website that provided a picture of Emmet Till before and after he got lynched. It shows the powerful struggle for civil rights advocates.

"Great Migration." Answers.com. 24 Feb. 2009 http://www.answers.com/topic/great-migration-african-american.
This is a site that gave provided a graph of the crimes of lynching and murder provoked by racial hatred. It is a powerful visual that demonstrates the unjust racial violence, augmenting the civil rights section.

Haberman, Barbara. "Downloads." The Official Web Site of Malcolm X. 24 Nov. 2003. CMG Worldwide. 14 Dec. 2008 <http://www.cmgww.com/historic/malcolm/community/downloads.htm>.
This website is the offical web site of Malcolm X and provides us with a picture that we plan on using as our index. This picture is available in a wide variety of sizes and has Malcolm's name written in the corner.a

Inskeep, Steve. "Profile: Legacy left by Malcolm X." 21 Feb. 2005. Student Resource Center. EBSCO Host. 29 Dec. 2008. <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=6XN200502211103&site=src-live.
This is an NPR broadcast in the form of an article that provided a quote and information in the catalyst for change category on our website. It references different people with different opinions about Malcolm.

Lord, Lewis, Jeannye Thornton, and Alejandro Bodipo-Memba. "The Legacy of Malcolm X." US News & World Report 23 Nov. 1992: 76.
This is a short biography of Malcolm X published by US News & World Report in response to the upcoming  premier of Spike Lee’s film Malcolm X in 1992. It provides and excellent breakdown of his life starting first with a brief overview and then splitting his life into certain sections such as “Malcolm: The Child and Malcolm: The Hustler.” This is a great idea and will be considered when splitting the website into five to six sections.

Lomax, Louis E. To Kill a Black Man : The Shocking Parallel in the Lives of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. Boston: Holloway House Company, 1998.
This book provides us with the differences between Malcolm and Martin Luther King. This is valuable because it allows us to compare the different fronts of the civil rights movement.

McAlister, Bill. "Malcolm X Stamp Added to Series." Washington Post 20 Nov. 1998, FINAL ed., sec. A: 27.
The author of this article gave much information on the nature of a controversial Malcolm X stamp. He explains how Malcolm goes through a change in his life and preaches for human rights for all, worldwide.

"The Murder Of Emmett Louis Till." THE BLACK COLLEGIAN Online: The Career Site for African-American College. 24 Feb. 2009 http://www.black-collegian.com/african/till2005-2nd.shtml.
This online article provided information about the gruesome murder of Emmett Till, showing just how hard of a time it was for civil rights advocates. It is also from a credible source.

Nahem, Isaac A. "Malcolm X: A True Revolutionary." Washington Post 7 Dec. 1998, FINAL ed., sec. Letter to the Editor: 24.
Isaac Nahem wrote this article from a neutral perspective. However, he goes great lengths to acknowledge Malcolm X for his accomplishments, saying Malcolm deserves to be on that stamp. It also offers a great quote we can use on our website to strenghten our legacy section.

Perry, Bruce. Malcolm: The Life of the Man Who Changed Black America. New York: Barrytown/Station Hill P, 1991
This is an extremely comprehensive biography of Malcolm X. The author interviewed over 420 people, some of whom are of great influence to Malcolm such as Ella Collins, his sister. This can help our website by showing key influences           

No Author. "Recruits Behind Bars." 31 Mar. 1961. 8 Dec. 2008 <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,872173,00.html>.
This is a TIME magazine article published in the midst of the black Muslim movement. It contains many interesting facts and tells us what the public thought about Malcolm.

Sales, William W. From Civil Rights to Black Liberation : Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. New York: South End P, 1994.  
This is a very useful book that talks about everything from Malcolm as a criminal to a firm advocated for black human rights. The analyzing of the OAAU provides us with great points we can mention on our website.

Snyder, Margret. "Malcolm After Mecca." Commonweal 18 Dec. 1992: 6-8.
A very informative magazine article, where the author, Margret Snyder, met Malcolm on his second trip to Africa. The main topic of conversation was what encouraged him to change and who. This article can help our website because it has a nice black and white picture of Malcolm and talks about his influences in Africa.

No Author. "The Black Supremacists." 10 Aug. 1959. 8 Dec. 2008 <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811191,00.html>.
Another article from TIME magazine, however, this is written in response to the sudden emergence of the so called “Black Supremacists.” With the airing of The Hate That Hate Produced, the country was in frenzy and wanted to know about these black Muslims. This can help our website by giving us an idea on what the rest of America though about the black Muslims.

Tristam, Pierre. "Malcolm X in Mecca." Middle East Issues. 4 Jan. 2009 <http://middleeast.about.com/od/religionsectarianism/a/me080220b.htm>.
This is a informative website on Malcolm's pilgrimage to Mecca. It analyzes Malcolm before he went and the changes he experienced while there. Malcolm overcame hatred and describes the as though he had just left prison.

Trost, Theodore Louis. "'Never have I witnessed such hospitality”. (Malcolm X on Pilgrimage to Mecca)." Footsteps 8.2 (March-April 2006): 16(4). Student Resource Center - Gold. Gale. LNOCA - Shaker Heights. 7 Oct. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS>.
Footsteps, an African American Heritage magazine, published this article on the life of Malcolm X.  It was found as a database entry and talks about Malcolm’s trip to Mecca and how both white and blacks were praying together. The article title is from a letter that Malcolm sent home during his Hajj, or pilgrimage, and may be used when talking about his reason for change.